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twx-linux/include/asm-generic
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Jessica Yu ce2b617ce8 export.h: reduce __ksymtab_strings string duplication by using "MS" section flags 
Commit c3a6cf19e695 ("export: avoid code duplication in
include/linux/export.h") refactors export.h quite nicely, but introduces
a slight increase in memory usage due to using the empty string ""
instead of NULL to indicate that an exported symbol has no namespace. As
mentioned in that commit, this meant an increase of 1 byte per exported
symbol without a namespace. For example, if a kernel configuration has
about 10k exported symbols, this would mean that the size of
__ksymtab_strings would increase by roughly 10kB.

We can alleviate this situation by utilizing the SHF_MERGE and
SHF_STRING section flags. SHF_MERGE|SHF_STRING indicate to the linker
that the data in the section are null-terminated strings that can be
merged to eliminate duplication. More specifically, from the binutils
documentation - "for sections with both M and S, a string which is a
suffix of a larger string is considered a duplicate. Thus "def" will be
merged with "abcdef"; A reference to the first "def" will be changed to
a reference to "abcdef"+3". Thus, all the empty strings would be merged
as well as any strings that can be merged according to the cited method
above. For example, "memset" and "__memset" would be merged to just
"__memset" in __ksymtab_strings.

As of v5.4-rc5, the following statistics were gathered with x86
defconfig with approximately 10.7k exported symbols.

Size of __ksymtab_strings in vmlinux:
-------------------------------------
v5.4-rc5: 213834 bytes
v5.4-rc5 with commit c3a6cf19e695: 224455 bytes
v5.4-rc5 with this patch: 205759 bytes

So, we already see memory savings of ~8kB compared to vanilla -rc5 and
savings of nearly 18.7kB compared to -rc5 with commit c3a6cf19e695 on top.

Unfortunately, as of this writing, strings will not get deduplicated for
kernel modules, as ld does not do the deduplication for
SHF_MERGE|SHF_STRINGS sections for relocatable files (ld -r), which
kernel modules are. A patch for ld is currently being worked on to
hopefully allow for string deduplication in relocatable files in the
future.

Suggested-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Reviewed-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Matthias Maennich <maennich@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jessica Yu <jeyu@kernel.org>
2019-12-16 10:35:33 +01:00
..
bitops powerpc updates for 5.5 #2 2019-12-06 13:36:31 -08:00
vdso timekeeping/vsyscall: Update VDSO data unconditionally 2019-11-04 23:02:53 +01:00
5level-fixup.h asm-generic/tlb: stub out p4d_free_tlb() if nop4d ... 2019-12-01 06:29:19 -08:00
asm-offsets.h
asm-prototypes.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
atomic64.h locking/atomic: Use s64 for atomic64 2019-06-03 12:32:56 +02:00
atomic-instrumented.h locking/atomics: Check atomic headers with sha1sum 2019-02-13 08:07:31 +01:00
atomic-long.h locking/atomics: Check atomic headers with sha1sum 2019-02-13 08:07:31 +01:00
atomic.h treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 36 2019-05-24 17:27:11 +02:00
audit_change_attr.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
audit_dir_write.h audit: Avoid build failures on systems without renameat 2018-01-30 19:07:54 -08:00
audit_read.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
audit_signal.h
audit_write.h audit/stable-4.15 PR 20171113 2017-11-15 13:28:48 -08:00
barrier.h treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 36 2019-05-24 17:27:11 +02:00
bitops.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
bitsperlong.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
bug.h bug: move WARN_ON() "cut here" into exception handler 2019-09-25 17:51:41 -07:00
bugs.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
cache.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
cacheflush.h asm-generic: fix a compilation warning 2019-07-16 19:23:22 -07:00
checksum.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
cmpxchg-local.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
cmpxchg.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
compat.h asm-generic: Move common compat types to asm-generic/compat.h 2018-08-29 15:42:20 +02:00
current.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
delay.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
device.h treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 428 2019-06-05 17:37:16 +02:00
div64.h asm-generic changes for v5.4 2019-09-17 14:30:30 -07:00
dma-contiguous.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
dma-mapping.h dma-mapping: bypass indirect calls for dma-direct 2018-12-13 21:06:18 +01:00
dma.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
early_ioremap.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
emergency-restart.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
error-injection.h error-injection: Consolidate override function definition 2019-08-07 13:52:43 +01:00
exec.h treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 36 2019-05-24 17:27:11 +02:00
export.h export.h: reduce __ksymtab_strings string duplication by using "MS" section flags 2019-12-16 10:35:33 +01:00
extable.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
fb.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
fixmap.h mm: introduce common STRUCT_PAGE_MAX_SHIFT define 2018-12-14 15:05:45 -08:00
flat.h binfmt_flat: remove the persistent argument from flat_get_addr_from_rp 2019-06-24 09:16:47 +10:00
ftrace.h treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 500 2019-06-19 17:09:55 +02:00
futex.h futex: Cleanup generic SMP variant of arch_futex_atomic_op_inuser() 2019-07-22 11:20:10 +02:00
getorder.h asm-generic: fix -Wtype-limits compiler warnings 2019-08-03 07:02:01 -07:00
gpio.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
hardirq.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
hugetlb.h hugetlb: allow to free gigantic pages regardless of the configuration 2019-05-14 09:47:47 -07:00
hw_irq.h
ide_iops.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
int-ll64.h int-ll64.h: define u{8,16,32,64} and s{8,16,32,64} based on uapi header 2018-06-07 17:34:38 -07:00
io.h lib: provide a simple generic ioremap implementation 2019-11-11 21:18:20 +01:00
ioctl.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
iomap.h iomap: introduce io{read|write}64_{lo_hi|hi_lo} 2019-01-22 13:39:59 +01:00
irq_regs.h treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 152 2019-05-30 11:26:32 -07:00
irq_work.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
irq.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
irqflags.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
Kbuild asm-generic: Make msi.h a mandatory include/asm header 2019-11-26 13:14:11 -06:00
kdebug.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
kmap_types.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
kprobes.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
kvm_para.h KVM: Introduce paravirtualization hints and KVM_HINTS_DEDICATED 2018-03-06 18:40:44 +01:00
linkage.h
local64.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
local.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
mcs_spinlock.h
memory_model.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
mm_hooks.h x86/mpx, mm/core: Fix recursive munmap() corruption 2019-05-09 10:37:17 +02:00
mm-arch-hooks.h
mmiowb_types.h asm-generic/mmiowb: Add generic implementation of mmiowb() tracking 2019-04-08 11:59:39 +01:00
mmiowb.h asm-generic/mmiowb: Add generic implementation of mmiowb() tracking 2019-04-08 11:59:39 +01:00
mmu_context.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
mmu.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
module.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
mshyperv.h x86/hyperv: Implement hv_is_hibernation_supported() 2019-11-21 20:10:45 -05:00
msi.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
page.h asm-generic/page.h: fix typo in #error text requiring a real asm/page.h 2019-02-22 21:53:25 +01:00
param.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
parport.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
pci_iomap.h mn10300: Remove the architecture 2018-03-09 23:19:56 +01:00
pci.h PCI: remove PCI_DMA_BUS_IS_PHYS 2018-05-07 07:15:41 +02:00
percpu.h percpu: remove PER_CPU_DEF_ATTRIBUTES macro 2018-10-31 08:54:14 -07:00
pgalloc.h mm: treewide: clarify pgtable_page_{ctor,dtor}() naming 2019-09-26 10:10:44 -07:00
pgtable-nop4d-hack.h x86/mm: Validate kernel_physical_mapping_init() PTE population 2018-12-05 09:03:06 +01:00
pgtable-nop4d.h asm-generic/tlb: stub out p4d_free_tlb() if nop4d ... 2019-12-01 06:29:19 -08:00
pgtable-nopmd.h asm-generic/tlb: stub out pmd_free_tlb() if nopmd 2019-12-01 06:29:19 -08:00
pgtable-nopud.h asm-generic/tlb: stub out pud_free_tlb() if nopud ... 2019-12-01 06:29:19 -08:00
pgtable.h mm/memory.c: fix a huge pud insertion race during faulting 2019-12-01 06:29:19 -08:00
preempt.h sched/preempt: Use CONFIG_PREEMPTION where appropriate 2019-07-31 19:03:34 +02:00
qrwlock_types.h locking/qrwlock: include asm/byteorder.h as needed 2018-02-06 10:28:58 +01:00
qrwlock.h treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 157 2019-05-30 11:26:37 -07:00
qspinlock_types.h treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 157 2019-05-30 11:26:37 -07:00
qspinlock.h treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 157 2019-05-30 11:26:37 -07:00
resource.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
seccomp.h treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 500 2019-06-19 17:09:55 +02:00
sections.h locking/lockdep: check for freed initmem in static_obj() 2019-04-29 10:47:10 +02:00
serial.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
set_memory.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
shmparam.h treewide: remove SPDX "WITH Linux-syscall-note" from kernel-space headers 2019-05-14 19:52:48 -07:00
signal.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
simd.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
spinlock.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
statfs.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
string.h
switch_to.h treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 36 2019-05-24 17:27:11 +02:00
syscall.h treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 193 2019-05-30 11:29:21 -07:00
syscalls.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
termios-base.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
termios.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
timex.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
tlb.h Merge branch 'akpm' (patches from Andrew) 2019-12-01 20:36:41 -08:00
tlbflush.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
topology.h include/asm-generic/topology.h: remove unused parent_node() macro 2017-11-17 16:10:05 -08:00
trace_clock.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
uaccess.h asm-generic: optimize generic uaccess for 8-byte loads and stores 2019-04-23 21:51:41 +02:00
unaligned.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
user.h
vga.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
vmlinux.lds.h New tracing features: 2019-11-27 11:42:01 -08:00
vtime.h
word-at-a-time.h License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
xor.h treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 47 2019-05-24 17:27:13 +02:00