Commit Graph

119 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Borislav Petkov (AMD) cbd5108119 x86/microcode: Consolidate the loader enablement checking
commit 5214a9f6c0 upstream.

Consolidate the whole logic which determines whether the microcode loader
should be enabled or not into a single function and call it everywhere.

Well, almost everywhere - not in mk_early_pgtbl_32() because there the kernel
is running without paging enabled and checking dis_ucode_ldr et al would
require physical addresses and uglification of the code.

But since this is 32-bit, the easier thing to do is to simply map the initrd
unconditionally especially since that mapping is getting removed later anyway
by zap_early_initrd_mapping() and avoid the uglification.

In doing so, address the issue of old 486er machines without CPUID
support, not booting current kernels.

  [ mingo: Fix no previous prototype for ‘microcode_loader_disabled’ [-Wmissing-prototypes] ]

Fixes: 4c585af718 ("x86/boot/32: Temporarily map initrd for microcode loading")
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/CANpbe9Wm3z8fy9HbgS8cuhoj0TREYEEkBipDuhgkWFvqX0UoVQ@mail.gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-05-18 08:24:08 +02:00
Borislav Petkov (AMD) 971ba6a64c x86/microcode/AMD: Extend the SHA check to Zen5, block loading of any unreleased standalone Zen5 microcode patches
commit 805b743fc1 upstream.

All Zen5 machines out there should get BIOS updates which update to the
correct microcode patches addressing the microcode signature issue.
However, silly people carve out random microcode blobs from BIOS
packages and think are doing other people a service this way...

Block loading of any unreleased standalone Zen5 microcode patches.

Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Cooper <andrew.cooper3@citrix.com>
Cc: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Maciej S. Szmigiero <mail@maciej.szmigiero.name>
Cc: Nikolay Borisov <nik.borisov@suse.com>
Cc: Tom Lendacky <thomas.lendacky@amd.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250410114222.32523-1-bp@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-04-25 10:45:50 +02:00
Boris Ostrovsky 763f4d638f x86/microcode/AMD: Fix __apply_microcode_amd()'s return value
commit 31ab12df72 upstream.

When verify_sha256_digest() fails, __apply_microcode_amd() should propagate
the failure by returning false (and not -1 which is promoted to true).

Fixes: 50cef76d5c ("x86/microcode/AMD: Load only SHA256-checksummed patches")
Signed-off-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250327230503.1850368-2-boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-04-10 14:37:41 +02:00
Florent Revest e686349cc1 x86/microcode/AMD: Fix out-of-bounds on systems with CPU-less NUMA nodes
commit e3e89178a9 upstream.

Currently, load_microcode_amd() iterates over all NUMA nodes, retrieves their
CPU masks and unconditionally accesses per-CPU data for the first CPU of each
mask.

According to Documentation/admin-guide/mm/numaperf.rst:

  "Some memory may share the same node as a CPU, and others are provided as
  memory only nodes."

Therefore, some node CPU masks may be empty and wouldn't have a "first CPU".

On a machine with far memory (and therefore CPU-less NUMA nodes):
- cpumask_of_node(nid) is 0
- cpumask_first(0) is CONFIG_NR_CPUS
- cpu_data(CONFIG_NR_CPUS) accesses the cpu_info per-CPU array at an
  index that is 1 out of bounds

This does not have any security implications since flashing microcode is
a privileged operation but I believe this has reliability implications by
potentially corrupting memory while flashing a microcode update.

When booting with CONFIG_UBSAN_BOUNDS=y on an AMD machine that flashes
a microcode update. I get the following splat:

  UBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in arch/x86/kernel/cpu/microcode/amd.c:X:Y
  index 512 is out of range for type 'unsigned long[512]'
  [...]
  Call Trace:
   dump_stack
   __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds
   load_microcode_amd
   request_microcode_amd
   reload_store
   kernfs_fop_write_iter
   vfs_write
   ksys_write
   do_syscall_64
   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe

Change the loop to go over only NUMA nodes which have CPUs before determining
whether the first CPU on the respective node needs microcode update.

  [ bp: Massage commit message, fix typo. ]

Fixes: 7ff6edf4fe ("x86/microcode/AMD: Fix mixed steppings support")
Signed-off-by: Florent Revest <revest@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250310144243.861978-1-revest@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-03-22 12:50:46 -07:00
Borislav Petkov (AMD) 2d62d8f3fc x86/microcode/AMD: Add some forgotten models to the SHA check
commit 058a6bec37 upstream.

Add some more forgotten models to the SHA check.

Fixes: 50cef76d5c ("x86/microcode/AMD: Load only SHA256-checksummed patches")
Reported-by: Toralf Förster <toralf.foerster@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Toralf Förster <toralf.foerster@gmx.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250307220256.11816-1-bp@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-03-13 12:58:22 +01:00
Borislav Petkov (AMD) 98a44622be x86/microcode/AMD: Fix a -Wsometimes-uninitialized clang false positive
commit 5343558a86 upstream.

Initialize equiv_id in order to shut up:

  arch/x86/kernel/cpu/microcode/amd.c:714:6: warning: variable 'equiv_id' is \
  used uninitialized whenever 'if' condition is false [-Wsometimes-uninitialized]
        if (x86_family(bsp_cpuid_1_eax) < 0x17) {
            ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

because clang doesn't do interprocedural analysis for warnings to see
that this variable won't be used uninitialized.

Fixes: 94838d230a ("x86/microcode/AMD: Use the family,model,stepping encoded in the patch ID")
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202407291815.gJBST0P3-lkp@intel.com/
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-03-07 16:45:57 +01:00
Borislav Petkov (AMD) bef830144f x86/microcode/AMD: Load only SHA256-checksummed patches
commit 50cef76d5c upstream

Load patches for which the driver carries a SHA256 checksum of the patch
blob.

This can be disabled by adding "microcode.amd_sha_check=off" on the
kernel cmdline. But it is highly NOT recommended.

Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-03-07 16:45:56 +01:00
Borislav Petkov (AMD) 12412835e2 x86/microcode/AMD: Add get_patch_level()
commit 037e81fb9d upstream

Put the MSR_AMD64_PATCH_LEVEL reading of the current microcode revision
the hw has, into a separate function.

Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250211163648.30531-6-bp@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-03-07 16:45:56 +01:00
Borislav Petkov (AMD) 5e253de2e5 x86/microcode/AMD: Get rid of the _load_microcode_amd() forward declaration
commit b39c387164 upstream

Simply move save_microcode_in_initrd() down.

No functional changes.

Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250211163648.30531-5-bp@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-03-07 16:45:56 +01:00
Borislav Petkov (AMD) 8a76fed3e5 x86/microcode/AMD: Merge early_apply_microcode() into its single callsite
commit dc15675074 upstream

No functional changes.

Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250211163648.30531-4-bp@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-03-07 16:45:56 +01:00
Borislav Petkov (AMD) be5a41a9b5 x86/microcode/AMD: Have __apply_microcode_amd() return bool
commit 78e0aadbd4 upstream

This is the natural thing to do anyway.

No functional changes.

Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-03-07 16:45:56 +01:00
Nikolay Borisov 1f4caaf02c x86/microcode/AMD: Make __verify_patch_size() return bool
commit d8317f3d8e upstream

The result of that function is in essence boolean, so simplify to return the
result of the relevant expression. It also makes it follow the convention used
by __verify_patch_section().

No functional changes.

Signed-off-by: Nikolay Borisov <nik.borisov@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241018155151.702350-3-nik.borisov@suse.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-03-07 16:45:56 +01:00
Nikolay Borisov 5b330c18c1 x86/microcode/AMD: Return bool from find_blobs_in_containers()
commit a85c08aaa6 upstream

Instead of open-coding the check for size/data move it inside the
function and make it return a boolean indicating whether data was found
or not.

No functional changes.

  [ bp: Write @ret in find_blobs_in_containers() only on success. ]

Signed-off-by: Nikolay Borisov <nik.borisov@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241018155151.702350-2-nik.borisov@suse.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-03-07 16:45:55 +01:00
Borislav Petkov (AMD) 60675acfbc x86/microcode/AMD: Flush patch buffer mapping after application
commit c809b0d0e5 upstream

Due to specific requirements while applying microcode patches on Zen1
and 2, the patch buffer mapping needs to be flushed from the TLB after
application. Do so.

If not, unnecessary and unnatural delays happen in the boot process.

Reported-by: Thomas De Schampheleire <thomas.de_schampheleire@nokia.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Tested-by: Thomas De Schampheleire <thomas.de_schampheleire@nokia.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> # f1d84b59cb ("x86/mm: Carve out INVLPG inline asm for use by others")
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/ZyulbYuvrkshfsd2@antipodes
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-03-07 16:45:55 +01:00
Borislav Petkov (AMD) 9b86a44ea2 x86/microcode/AMD: Split load_microcode_amd()
commit 1d81d85d1a upstream

This function should've been split a long time ago because it is used in
two paths:

1) On the late loading path, when the microcode is loaded through the
   request_firmware interface

2) In the save_microcode_in_initrd() path which collects all the
   microcode patches which are relevant for the current system before
   the initrd with the microcode container has been jettisoned.

   In that path, it is not really necessary to iterate over the nodes on
   a system and match a patch however it didn't cause any trouble so it
   was left for a later cleanup

However, that later cleanup was expedited by the fact that Jens was
enabling "Use L3 as a NUMA node" in the BIOS setting in his machine and
so this causes the NUMA CPU masks used in cpumask_of_node() to be
generated *after* 2) above happened on the first node. Which means, all
those masks were funky, wrong, uninitialized and whatnot, leading to
explosions when dereffing c->microcode in load_microcode_amd().

So split that function and do only the necessary work needed at each
stage.

Fixes: 94838d230a ("x86/microcode/AMD: Use the family,model,stepping encoded in the patch ID")
Reported-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Tested-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/91194406-3fdf-4e38-9838-d334af538f74@kernel.dk
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-03-07 16:45:55 +01:00
Borislav Petkov (AMD) e7b2ccfed0 x86/microcode/AMD: Pay attention to the stepping dynamically
commit d1744a4c97 upstream

Commit in Fixes changed how a microcode patch is loaded on Zen and newer but
the patch matching needs to happen with different rigidity, depending on what
is being done:

1) When the patch is added to the patches cache, the stepping must be ignored
   because the driver still supports different steppings per system

2) When the patch is matched for loading, then the stepping must be taken into
   account because each CPU needs the patch matching its exact stepping

Take care of that by making the matching smarter.

Fixes: 94838d230a ("x86/microcode/AMD: Use the family,model,stepping encoded in the patch ID")
Reported-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Tested-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/91194406-3fdf-4e38-9838-d334af538f74@kernel.dk
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-03-07 16:45:55 +01:00
Borislav Petkov 0433b8e9f4 x86/microcode/AMD: Use the family,model,stepping encoded in the patch ID
commit 94838d230a upstream

On Zen and newer, the family, model and stepping is part of the
microcode patch ID so that the equivalence table the driver has been
using, is not needed anymore.

So switch the driver to use that from now on.

The equivalence table in the microcode blob should still remain in case
there's need to pass some additional information to the kernel loader.

Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240725112037.GBZqI1BbUk1KMlOJ_D@fat_crate.local
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-03-07 16:45:55 +01:00
Borislav Petkov (AMD) 73aba0a0df x86/microcode: Rework early revisions reporting
commit 080990aa33 upstream

The AMD side of the loader issues the microcode revision for each
logical thread on the system, which can become really noisy on huge
machines. And doing that doesn't make a whole lot of sense - the
microcode revision is already in /proc/cpuinfo.

So in case one is interested in the theoretical support of mixed silicon
steppings on AMD, one can check there.

What is also missing on the AMD side - something which people have
requested before - is showing the microcode revision the CPU had
*before* the early update.

So abstract that up in the main code and have the BSP on each vendor
provide those revision numbers.

Then, dump them only once on driver init.

On Intel, do not dump the patch date - it is not needed.

Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/CAHk-=wg=%2B8rceshMkB4VnKxmRccVLtBLPBawnewZuuqyx5U=3A@mail.gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-03-07 16:45:54 +01:00
Thomas Gleixner fba6e6fcab x86/microcode: Prepare for minimal revision check
commit 9407bda845 upstream

Applying microcode late can be fatal for the running kernel when the
update changes functionality which is in use already in a non-compatible
way, e.g. by removing a CPUID bit.

There is no way for admins which do not have access to the vendors deep
technical support to decide whether late loading of such a microcode is
safe or not.

Intel has added a new field to the microcode header which tells the
minimal microcode revision which is required to be active in the CPU in
order to be safe.

Provide infrastructure for handling this in the core code and a command
line switch which allows to enforce it.

If the update is considered safe the kernel is not tainted and the annoying
warning message not emitted. If it's enforced and the currently loaded
microcode revision is not safe for late loading then the load is aborted.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231017211724.079611170@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-03-07 16:45:54 +01:00
Thomas Gleixner 7412a65d95 x86/microcode: Handle "nosmt" correctly
commit 634ac23ad6 upstream

On CPUs where microcode loading is not NMI-safe the SMT siblings which
are parked in one of the play_dead() variants still react to NMIs.

So if an NMI hits while the primary thread updates the microcode the
resulting behaviour is undefined. The default play_dead() implementation on
modern CPUs is using MWAIT which is not guaranteed to be safe against
a microcode update which affects MWAIT.

Take the cpus_booted_once_mask into account to detect this case and
refuse to load late if the vendor specific driver does not advertise
that late loading is NMI safe.

AMD stated that this is safe, so mark the AMD driver accordingly.

This requirement will be partially lifted in later changes.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231002115903.087472735@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-03-07 16:45:53 +01:00
Thomas Gleixner 021ab46670 x86/microcode/amd: Use cached microcode for AP load
commit 5af05b8d51 upstream

Now that the microcode cache is initialized before the APs are brought
up, there is no point in scanning builtin/initrd microcode during AP
loading.

Convert the AP loader to utilize the cache, which in turn makes the CPU
hotplug callback which applies the microcode after initrd/builtin is
gone, obsolete as the early loading during late hotplug operations
including the resume path depends now only on the cache.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231017211723.243426023@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-03-07 16:45:52 +01:00
Thomas Gleixner 628478b1e4 x86/microcode/amd: Cache builtin/initrd microcode early
commit a7939f0167 upstream

There is no reason to scan builtin/initrd microcode on each AP.

Cache the builtin/initrd microcode in an early initcall so that the
early AP loader can utilize the cache.

The existing fs initcall which invoked save_microcode_in_initrd_amd() is
still required to maintain the initrd_gone flag. Rename it accordingly.
This will be removed once the AP loader code is converted to use the
cache.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231017211723.187566507@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-03-07 16:45:52 +01:00
Thomas Gleixner b1bcf0d973 x86/microcode/amd: Cache builtin microcode too
commit d419d28261 upstream

save_microcode_in_initrd_amd() fails to cache builtin microcode and only
scans initrd.

Use find_blobs_in_containers() instead which covers both.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231010150702.495139089@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-03-07 16:45:52 +01:00
Thomas Gleixner 465e490c98 x86/microcode/amd: Use correct per CPU ucode_cpu_info
commit ecfd410893 upstream

find_blobs_in_containers() is invoked on every CPU but overwrites
unconditionally ucode_cpu_info of CPU0.

Fix this by using the proper CPU data and move the assignment into the
call site apply_ucode_from_containers() so that the function can be
reused.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231010150702.433454320@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-03-07 16:45:52 +01:00
Ashok Raj 67f9ed5489 x86/microcode/intel: Rip out mixed stepping support for Intel CPUs
commit ae76d951f6 upstream

Mixed steppings aren't supported on Intel CPUs. Only one microcode patch
is required for the entire system. The caching of microcode blobs which
match the family and model is therefore pointless and in fact is
dysfunctional as CPU hotplug updates use only a single microcode blob,
i.e. the one where *intel_ucode_patch points to.

Remove the microcode cache and make it an AMD local feature.

  [ tglx:
     - save only at the end. Otherwise random microcode ends up in the
  	  pointer for early loading
     - free the ucode patch pointer in save_microcode_patch() only
    after kmemdup() has succeeded, as reported by Andrew Cooper ]

Originally-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ashok Raj <ashok.raj@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231017211722.404362809@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-03-07 16:45:50 +01:00
Thomas Gleixner 4a148d0054 x86/microcode/32: Move early loading after paging enable
commit 0b62f6cb07 upstream.

32-bit loads microcode before paging is enabled. The commit which
introduced that has zero justification in the changelog. The cover
letter has slightly more content, but it does not give any technical
justification either:

  "The problem in current microcode loading method is that we load a
   microcode way, way too late; ideally we should load it before turning
   paging on.  This may only be practical on 32 bits since we can't get
   to 64-bit mode without paging on, but we should still do it as early
   as at all possible."

Handwaving word salad with zero technical content.

Someone claimed in an offlist conversation that this is required for
curing the ATOM erratum AAE44/AAF40/AAG38/AAH41. That erratum requires
an microcode update in order to make the usage of PSE safe. But during
early boot, PSE is completely irrelevant and it is evaluated way later.

Neither is it relevant for the AP on single core HT enabled CPUs as the
microcode loading on the AP is not doing anything.

On dual core CPUs there is a theoretical problem if a split of an
executable large page between enabling paging including PSE and loading
the microcode happens. But that's only theoretical, it's practically
irrelevant because the affected dual core CPUs are 64bit enabled and
therefore have paging and PSE enabled before loading the microcode on
the second core. So why would it work on 64-bit but not on 32-bit?

The erratum:

  "AAG38 Code Fetch May Occur to Incorrect Address After a Large Page is
   Split Into 4-Kbyte Pages

   Problem: If software clears the PS (page size) bit in a present PDE
   (page directory entry), that will cause linear addresses mapped through
   this PDE to use 4-KByte pages instead of using a large page after old
   TLB entries are invalidated. Due to this erratum, if a code fetch uses
   this PDE before the TLB entry for the large page is invalidated then it
   may fetch from a different physical address than specified by either the
   old large page translation or the new 4-KByte page translation. This
   erratum may also cause speculative code fetches from incorrect addresses."

The practical relevance for this is exactly zero because there is no
splitting of large text pages during early boot-time, i.e. between paging
enable and microcode loading, and neither during CPU hotplug.

IOW, this load microcode before paging enable is yet another voodoo
programming solution in search of a problem. What's worse is that it causes
at least two serious problems:

 1) When stackprotector is enabled, the microcode loader code has the
    stackprotector mechanics enabled. The read from the per CPU variable
    __stack_chk_guard is always accessing the virtual address either
    directly on UP or via %fs on SMP. In physical address mode this
    results in an access to memory above 3GB. So this works by chance as
    the hardware returns the same value when there is no RAM at this
    physical address. When there is RAM populated above 3G then the read
    is by chance the same as nothing changes that memory during the very
    early boot stage. That's not necessarily true during runtime CPU
    hotplug.

 2) When function tracing is enabled, the relevant microcode loader
    functions and the functions invoked from there will call into the
    tracing code and evaluate global and per CPU variables in physical
    address mode. What could potentially go wrong?

Cure this and move the microcode loading after the early paging enable, use
the new temporary initrd mapping and remove the gunk in the microcode
loader which is required to handle physical address mode.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231017211722.348298216@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-03-07 16:45:50 +01:00
Thomas Gleixner d02a0efd0f x86/microcode: Move core specific defines to local header
There is no reason to expose all of this globally. Move everything which is
not required outside of the microcode specific code to local header files
and into the respective source files.

No functional change.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230812195727.952876381@linutronix.de
2023-08-13 18:42:55 +02:00
Ashok Raj 82ad097b02 x86/microcode: Include vendor headers into microcode.h
Currently vendor specific headers are included explicitly when used in
common code. Instead, include the vendor specific headers in
microcode.h, and include that in all usages.

No functional change.

Suggested-by: Boris Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Signed-off-by: Ashok Raj <ashok.raj@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230812195727.776541545@linutronix.de
2023-08-13 18:42:55 +02:00
Borislav Petkov (AMD) 05e91e7211 x86/microcode/AMD: Rip out static buffers
Load straight from the containers (initrd or builtin, for example).
There's no need to cache the patch per node.

This even simplifies the code a bit with the opportunity for more
cleanups later.

Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Tested-by: John Allen <john.allen@amd.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230720202813.3269888-1-john.allen@amd.com
2023-07-27 10:04:54 +02:00
Borislav Petkov (AMD) a32b0f0db3 x86/microcode/AMD: Load late on both threads too
Do the same as early loading - load on both threads.

Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230605141332.25948-1-bp@alien8.de
2023-06-12 11:02:17 +02:00
Nathan Fontenot e281d5cad1 x86/microcode/amd: Remove unneeded pointer arithmetic
Remove unneeded pointer increment arithmetic, the pointer is
set at the beginning of the loop.

Signed-off-by: Nathan Fontenot <nathan.fontenot@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230502174232.73880-1-nathan.fontenot@amd.com
2023-05-08 14:38:38 +02:00
Borislav Petkov (AMD) 37a19366e1 x86/microcode/AMD: Get rid of __find_equiv_id()
Merge it into its only call site.

No functional changes.

Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230227160352.7260-1-bp@alien8.de
2023-05-08 14:24:11 +02:00
Jonathan Corbet ff61f0791c docs: move x86 documentation into Documentation/arch/
Move the x86 documentation under Documentation/arch/ as a way of cleaning
up the top-level directory and making the structure of our docs more
closely match the structure of the source directories it describes.

All in-kernel references to the old paths have been updated.

Acked-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Cc: x86@kernel.org
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20230315211523.108836-1-corbet@lwn.net/
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
2023-03-30 12:58:51 -06:00
Borislav Petkov (AMD) 7ff6edf4fe x86/microcode/AMD: Fix mixed steppings support
The AMD side of the loader has always claimed to support mixed
steppings. But somewhere along the way, it broke that by assuming that
the cached patch blob is a single one instead of it being one per
*node*.

So turn it into a per-node one so that each node can stash the blob
relevant for it.

  [ NB: Fixes tag is not really the exactly correct one but it is good
    enough. ]

Fixes: fe055896c0 ("x86/microcode: Merge the early microcode loader")
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> # 2355370cd9 ("x86/microcode/amd: Remove load_microcode_amd()'s bsp parameter")
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> # a5ad92134b ("x86/microcode/AMD: Add a @cpu parameter to the reloading functions")
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230130161709.11615-4-bp@alien8.de
2023-02-06 13:40:16 +01:00
Borislav Petkov (AMD) a5ad92134b x86/microcode/AMD: Add a @cpu parameter to the reloading functions
Will be used in a subsequent change.

Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230130161709.11615-3-bp@alien8.de
2023-02-06 12:14:20 +01:00
Borislav Petkov (AMD) 2355370cd9 x86/microcode/amd: Remove load_microcode_amd()'s bsp parameter
It is always the BSP.

No functional changes.

Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230130161709.11615-2-bp@alien8.de
2023-02-06 11:13:04 +01:00
Borislav Petkov ba73e369b7 x86/microcode/AMD: Handle multiple glued containers properly
It can happen that - especially during testing - the microcode
blobs of all families are all glued together in the initrd. The
current code doesn't check whether the current container matched
a microcode patch and continues to the next one, which leads to
save_microcode_in_initrd_amd() to look at the next and thus wrong one:

  microcode: parse_container: ucode: 0xffff88807e9d9082
  microcode: verify_patch: buf: 0xffff88807e9d90ce, buf_size: 26428
  microcode: verify_patch: proc_id: 0x8082, patch_fam: 0x17, this family: 0x17
  microcode: verify_patch: buf: 0xffff88807e9d9d56, buf_size: 23220
  microcode: verify_patch: proc_id: 0x8012, patch_fam: 0x17, this family: 0x17
  microcode: parse_container: MATCH: eq_id: 0x8012, patch proc_rev_id: 0x8012

<-- matching patch found

  microcode: verify_patch: buf: 0xffff88807e9da9de, buf_size: 20012
  microcode: verify_patch: proc_id: 0x8310, patch_fam: 0x17, this family: 0x17
  microcode: verify_patch: buf: 0xffff88807e9db666, buf_size: 16804
  microcode: Invalid type field (0x414d44) in container file section header.
  microcode: Patch section fail

<-- checking chokes on the microcode magic value of the next container.

  microcode: parse_container: saving container 0xffff88807e9d9082
  microcode: save_microcode_in_initrd_amd: scanned containers, data: 0xffff88807e9d9082, size: 9700a

and now if there's a next (and last container) it'll use that in
save_microcode_in_initrd_amd() and not find a proper patch, ofc.

Fix that by moving the out: label up, before the desc->mc check which
jots down the pointer of the matching patch and is used to signal to the
caller that it has found a matching patch in the current container.

Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221219210656.5140-2-bp@alien8.de
2022-12-26 06:41:05 +01:00
Borislav Petkov 61de9b7036 x86/microcode/AMD: Rename a couple of functions
- Rename apply_microcode_early_amd() to early_apply_microcode():
simplify the name so that it is clear what it does and when does it do
it.

- Rename __load_ucode_amd() to find_blobs_in_containers(): the new name
actually explains what it does.

Document some.

No functional changes.

Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221219210656.5140-1-bp@alien8.de
2022-12-26 06:30:31 +01:00
Linus Torvalds a70210f415 Merge tag 'x86_microcode_for_v6.2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull x86 microcode and IFS updates from Borislav Petkov:
 "The IFS (In-Field Scan) stuff goes through tip because the IFS driver
  uses the same structures and similar functionality as the microcode
  loader and it made sense to route it all through this branch so that
  there are no conflicts.

   - Add support for multiple testing sequences to the Intel In-Field
     Scan driver in order to be able to run multiple different test
     patterns. Rework things and remove the BROKEN dependency so that
     the driver can be enabled (Jithu Joseph)

   - Remove the subsys interface usage in the microcode loader because
     it is not really needed

   - A couple of smaller fixes and cleanups"

* tag 'x86_microcode_for_v6.2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (24 commits)
  x86/microcode/intel: Do not retry microcode reloading on the APs
  x86/microcode/intel: Do not print microcode revision and processor flags
  platform/x86/intel/ifs: Add missing kernel-doc entry
  Revert "platform/x86/intel/ifs: Mark as BROKEN"
  Documentation/ABI: Update IFS ABI doc
  platform/x86/intel/ifs: Add current_batch sysfs entry
  platform/x86/intel/ifs: Remove reload sysfs entry
  platform/x86/intel/ifs: Add metadata validation
  platform/x86/intel/ifs: Use generic microcode headers and functions
  platform/x86/intel/ifs: Add metadata support
  x86/microcode/intel: Use a reserved field for metasize
  x86/microcode/intel: Add hdr_type to intel_microcode_sanity_check()
  x86/microcode/intel: Reuse microcode_sanity_check()
  x86/microcode/intel: Use appropriate type in microcode_sanity_check()
  x86/microcode/intel: Reuse find_matching_signature()
  platform/x86/intel/ifs: Remove memory allocation from load path
  platform/x86/intel/ifs: Remove image loading during init
  platform/x86/intel/ifs: Return a more appropriate error code
  platform/x86/intel/ifs: Remove unused selection
  x86/microcode: Drop struct ucode_cpu_info.valid
  ...
2022-12-13 15:05:29 -08:00
Borislav Petkov a61ac80ae5 x86/microcode: Kill refresh_fw
request_microcode_fw() can always request firmware now so drop this
superfluous argument.

Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Ashok Raj <ashok.raj@intel.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221028142638.28498-4-bp@alien8.de
2022-11-02 16:45:46 +01:00
Borislav Petkov e7ad18d116 x86/microcode/AMD: Apply the patch early on every logical thread
Currently, the patch application logic checks whether the revision
needs to be applied on each logical CPU (SMT thread). Therefore, on SMT
designs where the microcode engine is shared between the two threads,
the application happens only on one of them as that is enough to update
the shared microcode engine.

However, there are microcode patches which do per-thread modification,
see Link tag below.

Therefore, drop the revision check and try applying on each thread. This
is what the BIOS does too so this method is very much tested.

Btw, change only the early paths. On the late loading paths, there's no
point in doing per-thread modification because if is it some case like
in the bugzilla below - removing a CPUID flag - the kernel cannot go and
un-use features it has detected are there early. For that, one should
use early loading anyway.

  [ bp: Fixes does not contain the oldest commit which did check for
    equality but that is good enough. ]

Fixes: 8801b3fcb5 ("x86/microcode/AMD: Rework container parsing")
Reported-by:  Ștefan Talpalaru <stefantalpalaru@yahoo.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Tested-by:  Ștefan Talpalaru <stefantalpalaru@yahoo.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=216211
2022-10-18 11:03:27 +02:00
Kees Cook 712f210a45 x86/microcode/AMD: Track patch allocation size explicitly
In preparation for reducing the use of ksize(), record the actual
allocation size for later memcpy(). This avoids copying extra
(uninitialized!) bytes into the patch buffer when the requested
allocation size isn't exactly the size of a kmalloc bucket.
Additionally, fix potential future issues where runtime bounds checking
will notice that the buffer was allocated to a smaller value than
returned by ksize().

Fixes: 757885e94a ("x86, microcode, amd: Early microcode patch loading support for AMD")
Suggested-by: Daniel Micay <danielmicay@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CA+DvKQ+bp7Y7gmaVhacjv9uF6Ar-o4tet872h4Q8RPYPJjcJQA@mail.gmail.com/
2022-09-23 13:46:26 +02:00
Borislav Petkov 8c61eafd22 x86/microcode: Remove ->request_microcode_user()
181b6f40e9 ("x86/microcode: Rip out the OLD_INTERFACE")

removed the old microcode loading interface but forgot to remove the
related ->request_microcode_user() functionality which it uses.

Rip it out now too.

Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220825075445.28171-1-bp@alien8.de
2022-08-26 11:56:08 +02:00
Borislav Petkov 9d48960414 x86/microcode: Use the firmware_loader built-in API
The microcode loader has been looping through __start_builtin_fw down to
__end_builtin_fw to look for possibly built-in firmware for microcode
updates.

Now that the firmware loader code has exported an API for looping
through the kernel's built-in firmware section, use it and drop the x86
implementation in favor.

Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211021155843.1969401-4-mcgrof@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2021-10-22 14:13:50 +02:00
Tom Rix 880396c86a x86/microcode/amd: Remove unneeded break
A break is not needed if it is preceded by a return.

Signed-off-by: Tom Rix <trix@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20201019200629.17247-1-trix@redhat.com
2020-10-26 12:18:22 +01:00
Borislav Petkov 2b73095206 x86/microcode/amd: Fix two -Wunused-but-set-variable warnings
The dummy variable is the high part of the microcode revision MSR which
is defined as reserved. Mark it unused so that W=1 builds don't trigger
the above warning.

No functional changes.

Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: x86@kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190928162559.26294-1-bp@alien8.de
2019-10-01 11:36:09 +02:00
Jonathan Corbet 8afecfb0ec Merge tag 'v5.2-rc4' into mauro
We need to pick up post-rc1 changes to various document files so they don't
get lost in Mauro's massive RST conversion push.
2019-06-14 14:18:53 -06:00
Mauro Carvalho Chehab cb1aaebea8 docs: fix broken documentation links
Mostly due to x86 and acpi conversion, several documentation
links are still pointing to the old file. Fix them.

Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Wolfram Sang <wsa@the-dreams.de>
Reviewed-by: Sven Van Asbroeck <TheSven73@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Bhupesh Sharma <bhsharma@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
2019-06-08 13:42:13 -06:00
Thomas Gleixner fc01b568f7 treewide: Replace GPLv2 boilerplate/reference with SPDX - rule 353
Based on 1 normalized pattern(s):

  licensed under the terms of the gnu general public license version 2
  see file copying for details

extracted by the scancode license scanner the SPDX license identifier

  GPL-2.0-only

has been chosen to replace the boilerplate/reference in 1 file(s).

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Armijn Hemel <armijn@tjaldur.nl>
Reviewed-by: Allison Randal <allison@lohutok.net>
Cc: linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190531081035.403801661@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2019-06-05 17:37:09 +02:00
Thomas Lendacky 912139cfbf x86/microcode/amd: Don't falsely trick the late loading mechanism
The load_microcode_amd() function searches for microcode patches and
attempts to apply a microcode patch if it is of different level than the
currently installed level.

While the processor won't actually load a level that is less than
what is already installed, the logic wrongly returns UCODE_NEW thus
signaling to its caller reload_store() that a late loading should be
attempted.

If the file-system contains an older microcode revision than what is
currently running, such a late microcode reload can result in these
misleading messages:

  x86/CPU: CPU features have changed after loading microcode, but might not take effect.
  x86/CPU: Please consider either early loading through initrd/built-in or a potential BIOS update.

These messages were issued on a system where SME/SEV are not
enabled by the BIOS (MSR C001_0010[23] = 0b) because during boot,
early_detect_mem_encrypt() is called and cleared the SME and SEV
features in this case.

However, after the wrong late load attempt, get_cpu_cap() is called and
reloads the SME and SEV feature bits, resulting in the messages.

Update the microcode level check to not attempt microcode loading if the
current level is greater than(!) and not only equal to the current patch
level.

 [ bp: massage commit message. ]

Fixes: 2613f36ed9 ("x86/microcode: Attempt late loading only when new microcode is present")
Signed-off-by: Tom Lendacky <thomas.lendacky@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: x86-ml <x86@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/154894518427.9406.8246222496874202773.stgit@tlendack-t1.amdoffice.net
2019-01-31 16:54:32 +01:00